politico | If I asked you what most defines Donald Trump supporters, what would you say? They’re white? They’re poor? They’re uneducated?
You’d be wrong.
In fact, I’ve found a single statistically significant variable
predicts whether a voter supports Trump—and it’s not race, income or
education levels: It’s authoritarianism.
That’s right, Trump’s electoral strength—and his staying power—have
been buoyed, above all, by Americans with authoritarian inclinations.
And because of the prevalence of authoritarians in the American
electorate, among Democrats as well as Republicans, it’s very possible
that Trump’s fan base will continue to grow.
My finding is the result of a national poll I conducted in the last
five days of December under the auspices of the University of
Massachusetts, Amherst, sampling 1,800 registered voters across the
country and the political spectrum. Running a standard statistical
analysis, I found that education, income, gender, age, ideology and
religiosity had no significant bearing on a Republican voter’s
preferred candidate. Only two of the variables I looked at were
statistically significant: authoritarianism, followed by fear of
terrorism, though the former was far more significant than the latter.
Authoritarianism is not a new, untested concept in the American
electorate. Since the rise of Nazi Germany, it has been one of the most
widely studied ideas in social science. While its causes are still
debated, the political behavior of authoritarians is not.
Authoritarians obey. They rally to and follow strong leaders. And they
respond aggressively to outsiders, especially when they feel
threatened. From pledging to “make America great again” by building a
wall on the border to promising to close mosques and ban Muslims from
visiting the United States, Trump is playing directly to authoritarian
inclinations.
Not all authoritarians are Republicans by any means; in national
surveys since 1992, many authoritarians have also self-identified as
independents and Democrats. And in the 2008 Democratic primary, the
political scientist Marc Hetherington found that authoritarianism
mattered more than income, ideology, gender, age and education in
predicting whether voters preferred Hillary Clinton over Barack Obama.
But Hetherington has also found, based on 14 years of polling, that
authoritarians have steadily moved from the Democratic to the
Republican Party over time. He hypothesizes that the trend began
decades ago, as Democrats embraced civil rights, gay rights, employment
protections and other political positions valuing freedom and equality.
In my poll results, authoritarianism was not a statistically
significant factor in the Democratic primary race, at least not so far,
but it does appear to be playing an important role on the Republican
side. Indeed, 49 percent of likely Republican primary voters I surveyed
score in the top quarter of the authoritarian scale—more than twice as
many as Democratic voters.
Political pollsters have missed this key component of Trump’s support
because they simply don’t include questions about authoritarianism in
their polls.
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