wikipedia | The group operates in Kirkuk and other parts of northern Iraq, and is linked to Saddam Hussein's former aide Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri,
who was himself an adherent of the Naqshbandi order and is thought to
be the largest militant group that consists of former Baathists .[9] Outside of Kirkuk, the group has carried out operations in Baghdad, al-Anbar, Ninawa, Diyala and Salah al-Din provinces.[5]
The Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order frequently film and
distribute footage of themselves via their websites attacking American
depots and ambushing Iraqi and American forces using mortar strikes and
homemade missiles as well as using light machine guns and sniper rifles.[5]
The group avoided direct confrontation with US Forces in Iraq,
relying instead on guerrilla tactics. The groups main focus was on a
two-pronged strategy. The first phase is focused on defense, where the
group attacks soft targeting while focusing builds up its power whilst
training and cooperating with other groups to widen the armed
opposition.[5]
Local Emirs, each responsible for 7-10 fighters, were set up in every
province. The Emirs were in turn led by an Emir al-Jihad; a grand Sheikh
of al-Naqshbandia.[5] The group is dedicated to secrecy in the carrying out of operations.[5]
As of 2009 it was believed al-Douri was leading the group from Syria,
although the groups leadership was believed to move between Syria and
Iraq.
The JRTN was originally composed mainly of groups wishing to restore
the old order under the Ba'athist ideology. The JRTN is predominantly
composed of Iraqi Sunnis
trying to force foreign troops out of Iraq. It is a Sufi Islamic
organization with Iraqi and Arab nationalist tendencies. Since the JRTN
is led by Saddam's former deputy Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri, and contains many former Ba'athists, Arab Nationalism, Arab Socialism, Ba'athism as well as Sufi Islamism and Sunni Islamism
have all become an important part of its ideology. The JRTN often
emphasises and appeals to different ideologies in different
circumstances, appealing to ideals such traditional Arab socialism as
well as Islamic unity in order to achieve its goals.[10]
The group's links to both Sufism and its embrace of violence is
controversial as many Sufi followers believe Sufism to be strongly
opposed to violence.[5]
Sufism had been tolerated under the Ba'athist government of Saddam
Hussein due to its peaceful and relatively apolitical nature. Government
tolerance for Sufism even resulted in its adoption by several members
of the ruling Ba'ath party.[5]
However, despite its roots in a desire to protect Sufis, the group has
declared itself to be fighting to maintain Iraq's unity, along with its
Arab and Islamic character. As such, the group can be seen as pursuing a
nationalistic, as opposed to religious, line.[5]
The group's main desire is to return the former Ba'ath party to power,
in part due to the many freedoms Naqashbandi's enjoyed under the Ba'ath
party.[5] Others have accused the group of merely acquiring the Naqashbandi name in order to increase its popularity.[1]
Although the group recognises a direct return to Baathist control is
impossible, the group instead focuses on infiltrating former Baathists
into positions of power to try to dominate a future nationalist
government.[10]
The group then wishes to portray itself, and the wider Baath party, as a
technocratic alternative to a currently incompetent Islamist government
that is incapable of delivering services. Maintaining chaos in Iraq is a
key part of this plan, as the JRTN must ensure living standards do not
improve under the current government, so as to make the group appear
more attractive.[10]
The group is strongly anti-Coalition[1]
and supports the targeting of Coalition forces in Iraq, believing that
coalition forces including individuals, equipment and supplies, are
legitimate targets at any time or place in Iraq. Iraqis are not
considered valid targets, unless fighting with Coalition forces. The
group is opposed to fighting other insurgent groups, and will cooperate
if they are committed to the same agenda.[5]
People such as Ibrahim al-Sumadaie of the Iraqi Constitutional Party
fear that JRNT could become increasingly attractive to Sunnis aggrieved
by a Shiite dominated government or those who had previously left the
insurgency and switched sides to the Coalition forces to fight al Qaeda,
such as the Awakening Councils, who now feel abandoned. Security
officials contend that thousands of Sunni insurgents who are upset by
Maliki's failure to absorb them into the military are being recruited by
JRTN and will pose a threat to stability. This is in turn helped by the
fact that JRTN survived as the popularity of more fundamentalist groups
such as al-Qaeda in Iraq waned, leaving them as one of the last few
major opposition groups.[1]
The JRTN platform is attractive to Sunnis, due less to attraction to an
explicitly Baathist or Arab nationalist socialist platform, as much as
it is an attraction to the idea of the creation of an area where Sunnis
can be Sunnis.[5]
According to a US intelligence officer,[who?]
members of JRTN can often be respected figures within local government,
or influential figures within their communities. These figures don't
necessarily act violently, allowing them to blend in and making it
difficult to obtain warrants issued by the Iraqi court to arrest them.
JRTN cells have also been characterized as being similar to a familial
organization, with members often being part of the same family, or being
tied to the Sheikh Maqsud sub-tribe of the Al-Douris, meaning that at
its most fundamental level, JRTN is an Al-Douri family business.[5]
The group also relies on tribal loyalties of Sunni Arabs for support in
Kirkuk province, where many Sunni Arabs were located to from Tikrit
during Saddam Hussein's tenure.[1]
