derspiegel | This week, the chief nuclear officers of around 100 American nuclear
power plant reactors are taking a field trip. They are travelling to
Japan and then taking a bus to Fukushima. There, dressed in protective
suits, they will walk through the ruins left behind by the earthquake of
the century, the tsunami of the century and the resulting triple nuclear reactor meltdown that occurred in March 2011.
"I can assure you when they get back from this trip, all of these chief
nuclear officers will double their safety precautions," says Dale Klein,
who has made the same trip and describes it as "very sobering." Klein,
who was head of the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission until
2009, now serves as chair of the Nuclear Reform Monitoring Committee,
which advises Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO), the company that
once ran the Fukushima power plant and is now responsible for cleaning
up the site. In the eyes of industry
experts and the Japanese public alike, the company has proved one thing
unequivocally -- that it is in far over its head in trying to handle
the aftermath of the disaster.
Klein is generally a polite man, but he recently announced in public
exactly what he thinks of the company that hired him. "You do not know
what you're doing," Klein told company president Naomi Hirose in person.
"You do not have a plan."
In accordance with Japanese custom, the company head, thus chastised,
inclined his head and replied, "I apologize for not being able to live
up to your expectations."
TEPCO has been stumbling "from crisis to crisis," Klein says. And
with no improvement in sight, it had recently become clear that Japan
would find itself, out of necessity, doing something that is generally
considered very un-Japanese: asking for foreign help. Klein said there
were signs that the government was planning on inviting experts from
Europe and the US in to help. And on Tuesday, TEPCO took what might be a
first step in this direction, announcing in a statement that it had
hired Lake Barrett, the former head of the US Department of Energy's
Office of Civilian Nuclear Waste Management to advise it on
decommissioning the plant and dealing with contaminated water on the
site. Barrett was also involved in clean-up efforts at the Three Mile
Island plant, which suffered a partial meltdown in 1979.
Situation Still 'Tenuous' at Fukushima
Japan had thus far taken the view that it didn't need any help --
certainly not from abroad -- and that TEPCO would take care of things.
This is despite the fact that the company is an energy provider, with
little more experience in complex disaster management than a
commensurate energy company in Germany would have.
Accordingly, the situation at Fukushima two and a half years after
the nuclear meltdown can at best be described as tenuous. Rather than
implementing a clearly thought-out disaster management plan, TEPCO's
approach has been a haphazard patchwork.
Perhaps the most bizarre malfunction in recent months occurred when a
rat got into a switchbox and caused a short circuit. This immediately
caused the makeshift cooling system for all four spent fuel pools to
fail. For almost 30 hours, temperatures rose in these pools, which hold
over 8,800 spent fuel rods that TEPCO hopes eventually to be able to
store safely. Charred remains were all that was left of the rat.
Every day, TEPCO pumps 400 tons of contaminated cooling water and
groundwater out of the radioactive wreckage of Fukushima. This water is
too heavily contaminated with cesium, strontium and tritium to be
emptied into the ocean. Instead, TEPCO stores the liquid in numerous
tanks, the largest of which are 12 meters (40 feet) across and 11 meters
high, hastily riveted together rather than welded.
Satellite images show how these behemoths have proliferated at the
Fukushima site, with a few dozen of them in mid-2011, then several
hundred by mid-2012. Currently, there are over 1,000 such tanks, with
plans for over 2,000 of them by 2015. TEPCO is veritably drowning in
contaminated water.
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