extranewsfeed | As the
feudal power-structures of Europe broke down beneath a wave of
revolutions in the 18th century, governments took a more active role in
law enforcement and the first centralized policing organization was created in France
by King Louis XIV. The duties of the new police were bluntly described
as a mechanism of class-control over workers and peasants:
“ensuring the peace and quiet of the public and of private individuals, purging the city of what may cause disturbances, procuring abundance, and having each and everyone live according to their station and their duties”
While France’s Gendarmes were seen as a symbol of oppression in other parts of Europe, the French policing model spread during the early 1800s as Napoleon Bonaparte conquered much of the continent. By the mid-1800s, modern policing institutions — publicly-funded, centralized police organized in a military hierarchy and under the control of the state — had been transplanted everywhere from Tsarist Russia to England and the United States.
Policing became the exclusive right of governments as other law
enforcement groups were absorbed into new and “official” institutions.
The new police were not just tasked with serving the public,
however — they also protected the political power of their new
employers. It was a revolutionary era and the new police were shaped by
rulers facing a particularly mutinous population. The use of police as
the vanguard of state-power was a major development and it was adapted
to repress popular movements all over the world. Early police organizations in the US,
for example, pretty much handed blue uniforms to former slave-patrols
and anti-union mercenaries who had historically protected the interests
of plantation-bosses in the South and industrial capitalists in the
North.
( For more on the historical links between slavery, anti-union security, and law enforcement, read “Private Property Is the Police-State” )
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