wikipedia | By the early years of the 1970s, the unpopularity of the Vietnam War and the unfolding Watergate scandal brought the era of minimal oversight to an abrupt halt.[according to whom?] The United States Congress was determined to rein in the Nixon administration
and to ascertain the extent to which the nation's intelligence agencies
had been involved in questionable, if not outright illegal, activities.
A series of troubling revelations started to appear in the press
concerning intelligence activities. First came the revelations of Christopher Pyle in January 1970 of the U.S. Army's spying on the civilian population[1][2] and Sam Ervin's Senate investigations produced more revelations.[3] Then on December 22, 1974, The New York Times published a lengthy article by Seymour Hersh detailing operations engaged in by the CIA over the years that had been dubbed the "family jewels".Covert action
programs involving assassination attempts against foreign leaders and
covert attempts to subvert foreign governments were reported for the
first time. In addition, the article discussed efforts by intelligence agencies to collect information on the political activities of US citizens.[4]
These revelations convinced many Senators and Representatives that
the Congress itself had been too lax, trusting, and naive in carrying
out its oversight responsibilities.[citation needed]
In 1975 and 1976, the Church Committee published fourteen reports on the formation of U.S. intelligence agencies,
their operations, and the alleged abuses of law and of power that they
had committed, together with recommendations for reform, some of which
were put in place.
Among the matters investigated were attempts to assassinate foreign leaders, including Patrice Lumumba of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rafael Trujillo of the Dominican Republic, the Diem brothers of Vietnam, Gen. René Schneider of Chile and Director of Central Intelligence Allen Welsh Dulles's plan, approved by the President Dwight D. Eisenhower, to use the Mafia to kill Fidel Castro of Cuba.
Under recommendations and pressure by this committee, President Gerald Ford issued Executive Order 11905 (ultimately replaced in 1981 by President Reagan's Executive Order 12333) to ban U.S. sanctioned assassinations of foreign leaders.
Together, the Church Committee's reports have been said to constitute the most extensive review of intelligence
activities ever made available to the public. Much of the contents were
classified, but more than 50,000 pages have since been declassified
under the President John F. Kennedy Assassination Records Collection Act of 1992.
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