HuffPo | When the FBI finally located Whitey Bulger in 2010 after searching
for 16 years, the reputed mobster was suspected of involvement in 19
murders in the 1970s and '80s, and was thought to be armed with a
massive arsenal of weapons. He was also 81 at the time, in poor physical
health, and looking at spending the rest of his life in prison. Of all
the people who might meet the criteria for arrest by a SWAT team, one
might think that Bulger would top the list.
Yet instead of sending in a tactical team to tear down Bulger’s door in the middle of the night, the FBI
took a different appraoch.
After some investigating, FBI officials cut the lock on a storage
locker Bulger used in the apartment complex where he was staying. They
then had the property manager call Bulger to tell him someone may have
broken into his locker. When Bulger went to investigate, he was arrested
without incident. There was no battering ram, there were no flash
grenades, there was no midnight assault on his home.
That peaceful apprehension of a known violent fugitive,
found guilty this week of
participating in 11 murders and a raft of other crimes, stands in stark
contrast to the way tens of thousands of Americans are confronted each
year by SWAT teams battering down their doors to serve warrants for
nonviolent crimes, mostly involving drugs.
On the night of Jan. 5, 2011, for example, police in Framingham,
Mass., raided a Fountain Street apartment that was home to Eurie Stamps
and his wife, Norma Bushfan-Stamps. An undercover officer had allegedly
purchased drugs from Norma's 20-year-old son, Joseph Bushfan, and
another man, Dwayne Barrett, earlier that evening, and now the police
wanted to arrest them. They took a battering ram to the door, set off a
flash grenade, and forced their way inside.
As the SWAT team moved through the apartment, screaming at everyone
to get on the floor, Officer Paul Duncan approached Eurie Stamps. The
68-year-old, not suspected of any crime, was watching a basketball game
in his pajamas when the police came in.
By the time Duncan got to him in a hallway, Stamps was face-down on
the floor with his arms over his head, as police had instructed him. As
Duncan moved to pull Stamps' arms behind him, he says he fell backwards,
somehow causing his gun to discharge, shooting Stamps. The grandfather
of 12 was killed in his own home, while complying with police orders
during a raid for crimes in which he had no involvement.
The Obama administration has begun talking about reforming the
criminal justice system, notably this week, when Attorney General Eric
Holder announced changes to how federal prosecutors will consider
mandatory minimum sentences. If government leaders are looking for
another issue to tackle, they might consider the astonishing evolution
of America’s police forces over the last 30 years.
Today in America, SWAT teams are deployed about 100 to 150 times per
day, or about 50,000 times per year -- a dramatic increase from the
3,000 or so annual deployments in the early 1980s, or the few hundred in
the 1970s. The vast majority of today's deployments are to serve search
warrants for drug crimes. But the use of SWAT tactics to enforce
regulatory law also appears to be rising.
This month,
for example, a SWAT team raided the Garden of Eden, a sustainable
growth farm in Arlington, Texas, supposedly to look for marijuana. The
police found no pot, however, and the real intent of the raid appears to
have been for code enforcement, as the officers came armed with an
inspection notice for nuisance abatement.
Where these teams were once used only in emergency situations,
they're used today mostly as an investigative tool against people merely
suspected of crimes. In many police agencies, paramilitary tactics have
become the first option, where they once were the last.
“It’s really about a lack of imagination and a lack of creativity,”
says Norm Stamper, a retired cop who served as police chief of Seattle
from 1994 to 2000. “When your answer to every problem is more force, it
shows that you haven’t been taught and trained to consider other
options."