wikipedia | The economic impact of illegal immigrants in the United States
is challenging to measure and politically contentious. Since it is a
challenging field to quantify, it leaves room for varying methodologies
of study, and so the definitive results of the economic impact can
change[1]
One possibility is that foreign workers entering the country
illegally can lower wages and increase overall costs of production. This
comes from the theory that when there are more illegal immigrants in
the country, there will be more immigrants looking for employment
because most illegal immigrants prefer to work.[2]
This increases competition among low-skilled local workers, and this
will push wages for the domestic low-skilled labor market down.
Simultaneously the increased supply in unskilled illegal migrants can
offset technological developments and "reduce the country's economy's
competitiveness in the international market".[3]
The opposing theory is that even though this can happen in some areas
with more low-skilled employment, on the net illegal immigration
increases the welfare of domestic workers because their additional
consumption outweighs the costs of welfare.[4]
Along the same lines it is argued that illegal immigrants work for
lower wages, then domestic residents recognize these profits and can
choose to either spend or save this new revenue,[5]
so the net outcome can be decided by the net of these two economic
forces. Studies have shown that overall in the long run illegal
immigration benefits the country in terms of its general production, but
introducing many people in the labor market can lead to income
distribution that can tend towards domestic workers and immigrant
workers on other occasions. The net short-term impacts of some aspects
of illegal immigration can be inconclusive.[6] Though this net effect changes, the number of immigrants crossing the border illegally is less unclear.
There were approximately 11.3 million unauthorized immigrants in the
U.S. in 2016, roughly unchanged from the prior year but well below the
12.2 million peak in 2007. There were an estimated 8 million
unauthorized immigrants in the U.S. civilian workforce in 2016, roughly
5%.[7] The Congressional Budget Office
reported in 2007 that "the tax revenues that unauthorized immigrants
generate for state and local governments do not offset the total cost of
services provided to them" but "in aggregate and over the long term,
tax revenues of all types generated by immigrants—both legal and
unauthorized—exceed the cost of the services they use."[8] Unauthorized immigrants demand goods and services[9] while an estimated 50 to 75 percent pay taxes.[10]
Due to cheaper labor, they contribute to lower prices in the industries
where they work, such as agriculture, restaurants, and construction.[9]
0 comments:
Post a Comment