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way of thinking about injustice and what does and doesn’t call for
remedial action has its roots in enforcement of anti-discrimination law
in the 1960s and 1970s. Identifying disparate treatment or outcomes that
correlate with racial difference can be a critical step in validating a
complaint. However, the inclination to fixate on such disparities as
the only objectionable form of inequality can create perverse political
incentives. We devote a great deal of rhetorical and analytic energy to
the project of determining just which groups, or population categories,
suffer or have suffered the worst. Cynics have sometimes referred to
this brand of what we might term political one-downsmanship as the “oppression Olympics”—a
contest in which groups that have attained or are vying for legal
protection effectively compete for the moral or cultural authority that
comes with the designation of most victimized.
Even
short of that cynical view, a central focus on group-level disparities
can lead to mistaken diagnoses of the sources and character of the
manifest inequalities it identifies. And those mistaken diagnoses, in
turn, can reflect damaging class and ideological biases that ultimately
undercut the struggle for social justice and equality. In this column
and later ones, I will examine facets of this problem and its
entailments. A key point of departure here is the study I published in 2012
with Columbia University public health Professor Merlin Chowkwanyun,
explicating how what we call the “disparitarian perspective” has
distorted discussion of the impact of the New Deal on black Americans.
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