resourceinsights | Was it corruption that led to the bailout instead of a takeover? Or
was it an honest difference of opinion about what would work best under
emergency circumstances?
We can argue whether these examples of transfers of funds from
one group to another are fair. But by themselves they do not constitute a
systemic risk to the stability of the entire economic and social
system. In fact, some would argue that such transfers enhance that
stability. However one evaluates these transfers, I would contend that a
much worse corruption is to subject our society knowingly to systemic
failures such as severe climate change and widespread crop failures.
To
understand this contention, we must review the material basis for our
modern society. Despite all the hype about the service economy, the
activities which make the service economy even possible are agriculture,
fishing, forestry, mining and manufacturing. These sectors create the
surplus food and fiber, the surplus energy and minerals, and the surplus
goods that allow so many of us to do something other than farm, fish,
log, mine or manufacture goods.
By "surplus" I mean that those
engaged in the five essential underlying activities of the modern
economy provide more food and fiber, extract more energy and other
mineral resources, and make more things than they themselves will use.
In fact, in so-called developed societies, the people in these
occupations create surpluses in their respective areas that are nothing
short of astonishing.
In the United States for example, those
working in agriculture, fishing and forestry number 2.4 million or about
1.6 percent of the working population of 149 million as of 2015 according the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Those working in mining including oil and natural gas production
(which, after all, is really just another type of mining) number 917,000
or about 0.6 percent of the working population. These two groups
provide most of the raw materials for the rest of the economy while
constituting just 2.2 percent of the workforce. Some raw materials,
notably oil and metal ores, are supplemented with imports. But that is
counterbalanced in part by agricultural exports that are about one-third
of all crops grown.
Those working in manufacturing number 15.3
million, dwarfing the number who actually provide the feedstocks for
that manufacturing. But manufacturing workers still only constitute 10.3
percent of the total U.S. workforce. We also supplement our
manufactured goods with imports. But we export high-value goods such as
airplanes, pharmaceuticals and advanced machinery.
So, the percentage of the U.S. workforce that provides the actual material basis for the economy amounts to only 12.5 percent.
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