theweek | President Biden is in trouble. As my colleague Damon Linker writes,
his approval numbers have been steadily declining for months, now
hovering in the low 40s in some surveys. Without some upward movement,
that will spell disaster for the Democrats in the upcoming midterms.
There
is one straightforward policy Biden can undertake, completely on his
own initiative, to turn this around: vaccine mandates. Strict policies
to force vaccine-resistant populations to get their shots would do more
than anything else under Biden's direct control to improve the condition
of the country — and his own polling numbers.
Now, there are no
doubt many reasons Biden's approval is down. The shrieking tantrum from
the mainstream media over the American empire being humiliated in Afghanistan
plays a part, as does the general tendency for presidential approval to
decline following inauguration. The relentless drumbeat of conservative
propaganda takes its toll as well.
But
the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is surely the largest part. Political
science has shown for years that the incumbent party in the White House tends to be blamed for bad things that happen on its watch — even if that assignment of blame makes little sense. That's what's happening here.
As
long as the pandemic continues, it will play hell with the economic
recovery. Unemployment is relatively low, but recent jobs numbers have been weak, and supply chains are badly snarled up
across the globe. That, coupled with the worst mass casualty event in a
century — more people have died of COVID-19 this year than in 2020 — is
surely sandbagging presidential popularity.
What's more, Biden did
promise to end the pandemic. "I'll immediately put in place a national
strategy that will position our country to finally get ahead of this
virus and get back our lives," he said
in a campaign speech last year. So even if it's not exactly his fault
things are still bad, he still appears to be breaking his word. Early
this summer, it appeared life was finally going back to normal after an
absolutely horrible year — as it finally is in Western Europe, thanks to super-high vaccination rates. Instead, we got sucked right back down into the pandemic sandpit.
Forbes | President Joe Biden didn’t just announce a Covid-19 vaccine mandate
on companies employing 100 or more people, he plans to enforce it.
On Saturday, Speaker Nancy Pelosi’s House quietly tucked an
enforcement mechanism into their $3.5 trillion “reconciliation” bill,
passed it out of the Budget Committee, and sent it to the House floor.
Buried on page 168 of the House Democrats’ 2,465-page mega bill is a tenfold increase in fines
for employers that “willfully,” “repeatedly,” or even seriously violate
a section of labor law that deals with hazards, death, or serious
physical harm to their employees.
The increased fines on employers could run as high as $70,000 for
serious infractions, and $700,000 for willful or repeated
violations—almost three-quarters of a million dollars for each fine. If enacted into law, vax enforcement could bankrupt non-compliant companies even more quickly than the $14,000 OSHA fine anticipated under Biden’s announced mandate.
sanfrancisco | In addition to checking your ID and bags at the ticket counter, you
could soon have your COVID-19 vaccine record checked for domestic
flights.
The proposal coming from Sen. Dianne Feinstein (D-California) would
require travelers on U.S. flights to present either a COVID-19
vaccination record, a negative PCR test or proof they have recovered
from a SARS-CoV-2 infection. As currently written, these checks wouldn’t
be administered by federal authorities but by airline agents.
“It does require that all of the attestation to be done by the
airline and for the airline to provide confirmation of it,” says Marc
Casto, president of Leisure Americas for Flight Centre Travel Group.
nakedcapitalism | I see two themes running through his speech. The first is he
is betting the house on vaccines. Forget masks, forget
social-distancing, etc., just everybody has to get a vaccine. And I
suspect that the reason why is the weakness of the Professional
Managerial Class – it is measurable. Having people wear masks and other
social measures is a bit fuzzy to get a handle on. But with vaccines, it
is easy. You can put that info into an Excel chart as in
‘unvaccinated’, ‘first shot’, ‘second shot’, and of course
a new row soon called ‘booster shot’. You can analyze those hard
figures, play with them, break them down by region, age group, etc. –
all the sorts of things that managers love to do. Mask-wearing? How do
you measure that? Dunno. This PMC viewpoint is also
why he did not thank all the doctors, nurses, first responders, etc in
his speech like he should have. Managers want it to be all about them
and not to share the credit.
The second theme is that he has decided to go full divisive. He has
set up those unvaccinated to be the fall-guy for all that goes wrong
with America dealing with the pandemic. If things blow up, it is not the
fault of Biden and his regime – it is all
the fault of the unvaccinated. The pandemic is still raging next year?
It is all their fault. A new variant turns up that blows past these
vaccines? It is still the fault of the unvaccinated. It is a signal and a
blank cheque to turn loose the attack dogs on
them by all right-thinking people. They are to be trolled and harassed
and are to be banned from restaurants, parks, gas stations until they
get vaccinated. You could never call Biden a Unity President. And when
he says his plan is ‘protecting our economic
recovery’ you wonder whose economy he is actually talking about. But
keeping the schools open will only ensure that the pandemic still
spreads as they will be the new vector for virus spread. Suffer the
little children indeed.
As for why all this was not done back in January or July, it is
simple. They never had a plan going into government. I have made the
point before that even though the US was in the middle of a world-wide
pandemic last year with bodies stacking up, there
was no task force set up to work out what to do before he went into
the Presidency as he had task forces set up for other matters. Think
about that. The pandemic undermined the Trump Presidency and without it,
Trump would probably still be President. But
yet it was not thought worthy enough a subject to form a distinct task
force by Biden and the Democrats.
I’m not sure about that; see STAT here.
I believe the thinking was that Mr. Ebola, Ron Klain, was tapped
as Biden’s chief-of-staff exactly because of his presumed expertise in
managing pandemics. Either Klain was over-rated, or he couldn’t manage
Biden (meaning he was over-rated in a different way).
tabletmag | Honest,
continuous questioning and exploration of alternative paths are
indispensable for good science. In the authoritarian (as opposed to
participatory) version of public health, these activities were seen as
treason and desertion. The dominant narrative became that “we are at
war.” When at war, everyone has to follow orders. If a platoon is
ordered to go right and some soldiers explore maneuvering to the left,
they are shot as deserters. Scientific skepticism had to be shot, no
questions asked. The orders were clear.
Who
gave these orders? Who decided that his or her opinion, expertise, and
conflicts should be in charge? It was not a single person, not a crazy
general or a despicable politician or a dictator, even if political
interference in science did happen—massively so. It was all of us, a
conglomerate that has no name and no face: a mesh and mess of
half-cooked evidence; frenzied and partisan media promoting parachute
journalism and pack coverage; the proliferation of pseudonymous and
eponymous social media personas which led even serious scientists to
become unrestrained, wild-beast avatars of themselves, spitting massive
quantities of inanity and nonsense; poorly regulated industry and
technology companies flexing their brain and marketing power; and common
people afflicted by the protracted crisis. All swim in a mixture of
some good intentions, some excellent thinking, and some splendid
scientific successes, but also of conflicts, political polarization,
fear, panic, hatred, divisiveness, fake news, censorship, inequalities,
racism, and chronic and acute societal dysfunction.
Heated
but healthy scientific debates are welcome. Serious critics are our
greatest benefactors. John Tukey once said that the collective noun for a
group of statisticians is a quarrel. This applies to other scientists,
too. But “we are at war” led to a step beyond: This is a dirty war, one
without dignity. Opponents were threatened, abused, and bullied by
cancel culture campaigns in social media, hit stories in mainstream
media, and bestsellers written by zealots. Statements were distorted,
turned into straw men, and ridiculed. Wikipedia pages were vandalized.
Reputations were systematically devastated and destroyed. Many brilliant
scientists were abused and received threats during the pandemic,
intended to make them and their families miserable.
Anonymous
and pseudonymous abuse has a chilling effect; it is worse when the
people doing the abusing are eponymous and respectable. The only viable
responses to bigotry and hypocrisy are kindness, civility, empathy, and
dignity. However, barring in-person communication, virtual living and
social media in social isolation are poor conveyors of these virtues.
Politics
had a deleterious influence on pandemic science. Anything any
apolitical scientist said or wrote could be weaponized for political
agendas. Tying public health interventions like masks and vaccines to a
faction, political or otherwise, satisfies those devoted to that
faction, but infuriates the opposing faction. This process undermines
the wider adoption required for such interventions to be effective.
Politics dressed up as public health not only injured science. It also
shot down participatory public health where people are empowered, rather
than obligated and humiliated.
A
scientist cannot and should not try to change his or her data and
inferences based on the current doctrine of political parties or the
reading du jour of the social media thermometer. In an environment where
traditional political divisions between left and right no longer seem
to make much sense, data, sentences, and interpretations are taken out
of context and weaponized. The same apolitical scientist could be
attacked by left-wing commentators in one place and by alt-right
commentators in another. Many excellent scientists have had to silence
themselves in this chaos. Their self-censorship has been a major loss
for scientific investigation and the public health effort. My heroes are
the many well-intentioned scientists who were abused, smeared, and
threatened during the pandemic. I respect all of them and suffer for
what they went through, regardless of whether their scientific positions
agreed or disagreed with mine. I suffer for and cherish even more those
whose positions disagreed with mine.
There
was absolutely no conspiracy or preplanning behind this hypercharged
evolution. Simply, in times of crisis, the powerful thrive and the weak
become more disadvantaged. Amid pandemic confusion, the powerful and the
conflicted became more powerful and more conflicted, while millions of
disadvantaged people have died and billions suffered.
I
worry that science and its norms have shared the fate of the
disadvantaged. It is a pity, because science can still help everyone.
Science remains the best thing that can happen to humans, provided it
can be both tolerant and tolerated.
NEW - Israeli Ministry of Health (right) recorded saying to the Minister of Interior (left) "there is no medical or epidemiological justification for the Covid passport, it is only intended to pressure the unvaccinated to vaccinate".pic.twitter.com/c3oAOpZdEE
mako.co.il |Anger among restaurateurs and pool operators following Health Minister Nitzan Horowitz's
recording: In a recording released last night (Sunday) in the "Main
Edition", the minister admitted that the green label is in some cases
intended to put pressure on vaccine opponents, and is not always based
on epidemiological motive. Restaurateurs and pool owners, to whom
Horowitz specifically referred, claim to have known all along that they
serve as "Pfizer sales promotions," and that there is no other reason to
ban outdoor seating or the use of public pools. Some parents and
medical officials have also expressed opposition to the use of the green
label, especially on children.
"We
were not surprised by the Health Minister's statement last night, it is
quite clear to us that the Israeli government has made us Pfizer's
sales promoters," Shai Berman, CEO of the Restaurant Association, told
N12. Tens of percent in redemptions. "Unfortunately,
the Israeli government has chosen to dump its water on us and we expect
a constitutional committee to convene tomorrow to immediately repeal
the green label, at least in everything related to outer spaces, for
which there is no epidemiological basis for limiting a green label."
Nir
Oz, chairman of the organization of swimming pools and sports centers,
also did not like what he heard. "There is no doubt that we have become
the executive arm of the Ministry of Health and the enforcement arm of
the Israel Police," Oz claimed. We need to check who is not vaccinated
and send home. We have become the black workers of law enforcement. "
"We
are unable to raise our heads. And the health minister's call has
revealed the truth we have been shouting about for months. The swimming
pools and sports centers have been slammed and collapsed one by one in
vain. It is already clear that there are no infections in swimming pools."
There are those who understand Horowitz's rationale - but even that is not enough
Although
business owners from other industries understood the importance of the
green label in its role as a promoter of immunization, they argued that
one way or another they should make sure that they deserve the
appropriate compensation for any harm to activity. "As
someone who has vaccinated myself, I believe that the solution to the
corona crisis lies in vaccines, so I understand the rationale behind the
Minister of Health's decision," Adv. Roi Cohen, president of Lahav, the
Chamber of Independent and Business Organizations in Israel, told N12.
"At
the same time, it should be understood that any such decision has a
heavy economic significance that falls mainly on the self-employed and
business owners in Israel. "The heat of summer and the holidays.
Therefore, Lahav's demand on all 64 member organizations is to price any
restriction that harms the business sector. Compensation for every
character."
Yaron
Sela, from the gym organization, added: "The health and fitness
industry has long depended between heaven and earth in an impossible
situation of uncertainty. Blaming one government office or another is
irrelevant, the Corona plague is an ongoing event and the economic
struggle must receive the attention of the government. "Just like the
health deal. I met with Finance Minister Lieberman, who understands the
incident. I am convinced that he will act correctly for the benefit of
businesses that are harmed over time due to the corona crisis."
Parents angry: "Delusional to require children to be tested every day"
Even
in the medical world there are those who claim that if the green mark
is intended to increase immunization, there is no reason to apply it to
children aged 12-3, who cannot be vaccinated and are required to perform
corona tests daily. "The
green mark is unnecessary. There is no other country in the world that
requires a green mark in schools from the age of three onwards. This is a
phenomenon that does not exist and is completely absurd," Prof. Shoshi
Altuvia, a researcher in the Department of Microbiology and Molecular
Genetics at the Hebrew University and Hadassah Ein School of Medicine,
told N12. -vineyard.
"We
tell those who carry the green label that they are ostensibly
protected, while in practice there is no protection and infection
continues even among the vaccinated. This is not the practice all over
the world and this is not a democratic state. On the move - the green
mark today is meaningless and misses the mark. "
The current situation is particularly troubling for parents who are forced to check on their children frequently. Eric
Kaplan, a father of four and chairman of the parents' leadership in
Jerusalem, told N12: "If the purpose of the green label is to encourage
immunization, it's a bit delusional that children of these ages are
required to be tested every day. "Tests are important, which cannot be ignored, but ways must be found to enable as normal a life as possible."
The CDC, and the entire federal public health apparatus in the United States, has been an absolute disaster for the entire duration of this pandemic. It's embarrassing how incompetent they are. A pandemic is an emergency and requires proactive action. The CDC has been anything but proactive. As stated in the article, it seems as if they're reacting to every event that occurs with a month-long delay.
Data Collection--It's an absolute disgrace that there is no federal central repository of COVID-19 breakthrough infection data. We are navigating this mess completely blindfolded. Instead, we have to rely on individual state reporting, and sometimes data is only available on a county-level.
Wide-scale Home Testing--It took the FDA an entire year and a half to approve a lateral assay antigen test. Yet, they're on retail for $20 at CVS. That's far too expensive for a simple piece of nitrocellulose paper with immunofluorescent antibodies. If we were serious about curtailing the spread of Delta, we would invest funds in a federal effort to mass-produce these tests at a $1 price point, and distribute them to all households for daily testing.
Mutations--It seems as if everyone forgot the concept of a "derivative" from entry-level calculus. Everyone is focused on Delta without exerting the slightest effort in thinking about the future. We need to get proactive, folks. Immune evasion to Delta may be low, but what about future variants? We need to model the rate of mutations in the spike protein based on the magnitude of transmissions. This is possible if effort is put into it. Doing such, we can forecast antibody evasion in future variants based on current cases.
Booster Doses--I truly hope that the boosters that are being planned are not simply a third dose of the same Spike encodement. The spike region has mutated since the Alpha iteration of the virus. Current vaccines encode for that old version of the Spike protein. The boosters should have the mRNA encoding of the Delta spike. Giving senior citizens a booster of the old Spike sequence would be extremely short-sighted.
Treatments--Why is the United States investing so little in COVID-19 infection treatment? Why are we hedging all our bets on prophylaxis? We must invest far more into Coronavirus inhibitors.
In short, I have lost all faith in our federal public health apparatus. The CDC is nowhere near as agile as it needs to be to deal with a pandemic.
unherd |There has been much debate over how to get the unvaccinated to get their jabs — shame them, bribe them persuade them, or treat them as victims of mis- and disinformation campaigns — but who, exactly, are these people?
Most of the coverage would have you believe that the surge in cases is primarily down to less educated, ‘brainwashed’
Trump supporters who don’t want to take the vaccine. This may be
partially true: the areas in which the delta variant is surging coincide
with the sections of red America in which vaccination rates are lowest.
But according to a new paper by researchers from Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Pittsburgh,
this does not paint the full picture. The researchers analysed more
than 5 million survey responses by a range of different demographic
details, and classed those people who would “probably” or “definitely” not choose to get vaccinated as “vaccine hesitant.”
In some respects the findings are as
predicted — for example the paper finds that there is a strong
correlation between counties with higher Trump support in the 2020
presidential election and higher hesitancy in the period January 2021 —
May 2021.
But more surprising is the breakdown
in vaccine hesitancy by level of education. It finds that the
association between hesitancy and education level follows a U-shaped
curve with the highest hesitancy among those least and most educated.
People with a master’s degree had the least hesitancy, and the highest
hesitancy was among those holding a Ph.D.
What’s more, the paper found that in
the first five months of 2021, the largest decrease in hesitancy was
among the least educated — those with a high school education or less.
Meanwhile, hesitancy held constant in the most educated group; by May,
those with Ph.Ds were the most hesitant group.
So not only are the most educated
people most sceptical of taking the Covid vaccine, they are also the
least likely the change their minds about it…
abcnews | A week after the crowds descended upon Provincetown, Massachusetts,
to celebrate the Fourth of July -- the holiday President Joe Biden hoped
would mark the nation's liberation from COVID-19 -- the manager of the
Cape Cod beach town said he was aware of "a handful of positive COVID cases among folks" who spent time there.
"We
are in touch with the Health Department and Outer Cape Health Services
and are closely monitoring the data," Alex Morse told reporters.
The announcement wasn't unusual with roughly half of the country still unvaccinated and flare-ups of the virus popping up in various states.
But within weeks, health officials seemed to be on to something much
bigger. The outbreak quickly grew to the hundreds and most of them appeared to be vaccinated.
As of Thursday, 882 people were tied to the Provincetown outbreak.
Among those living in Massachusetts, 74% of them were fully immunized,
yet officials said the vast majority were also reporting symptoms. Seven
people were reported hospitalized.
The initial findings of the
investigation led by the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, in
conjunction with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, seemed
to have huge implications.
Before Provincetown, health officials had been operating under the
assumption that it was extraordinarily rare for a vaccinated person to
become infected with the virus. And if they did, they probably wouldn't
end up passing it on to others, such as children too young to qualify
for the vaccine or people who were medically vulnerable.
The idea
that vaccines halt transmission of the virus was largely behind the
CDC's decision in May suggesting vaccinated people could safely go
without their masks indoors and in crowds, even if others were
unvaccinated.But
that assumption had been based on studies of earlier versions of the
virus. Delta was known for its "hyper-transmissibility," or as one
former White House adviser put it "COVID on steroids.
"What has
changed is the virus," said Dr. Anthony Fauci, the nation's top
infectious disease expert and Biden's chief medical adviser.
When a
vaccinated person gets infected with delta -- called a "breakthrough
infection" -- "the level of virus in their nasopharynx is about 1,000
times higher than with the alpha variant," Fauci said in an interview
Wednesday with MSNBC.
All indications now are that the
Provincetown outbreak investigation is among the pieces of new evidence
behind the CDC's decision to ask Americans to once again put on their
masks indoors, even if they are vaccinated.
bmj | Duration of
protection is not the only question that longer, placebo controlled
trials can address. They also address vaccine safety.
“Very
often, it’s the fact that we have that placebo controlled follow-up
over time, that gives us the ability to say that the vaccine didn’t
cause something at a longer period of time after vaccination,” the FDA’s
Philip Krause explained last December.13
Yet
there is a gap—currently of unknown size but growing—between any
expectation of blinded placebo controlled data, and the reality that
within weeks of the vaccines receiving an EUA the unblinding of trials
commenced as placebo recipients were offered the chance to get
vaccinated.
Steven Goodman, associate dean of clinical
and translational research at Stanford University, told the FDA in an
invited presentation last December, “Once a vaccine is made widely
available and encouraged, maintaining a double blinded control group for
more than a nominal period is no longer in the investigator’s (or
regulator’s) control and undue pressure to do so may undermine the
entire vaccine testing enterprise.”14
Goodman’s
recommendation was to rapidly convert the trials into crossover
studies, enabling those on placebo to get vaccinated (and vice versa),
while maintaining the blind. The companies challenged the feasibility,
calling it “onerous,” and a crossover never occurred.15
The BMJ
asked Moderna, Pfizer, and Janssen (Johnson and Johnson) what
proportion of trial participants were now formally unblinded, and how
many originally allocated to placebo have now received a vaccine. Pfizer
declined to say, but Moderna announced that “as of April 13, all
placebo participants have been offered the Moderna covid-19 vaccine and
98% of those have received the vaccine.”2 In other words, the trial is unblinded, and the placebo group no longer exists.
Janssen told The BMJ:
“We do not have specific figures on how many of our study participants
have received a vaccine at this time.” But the company confirmed it was
implementing an amended protocol across all countries to unblind all
participants in its two phase III trials, the earlier of which passed
the median of two month follow-up mark in January.
How
the FDA will weigh the loss of blinding and placebo controlled
follow-up is unclear, but just months ago the agency said these trial
properties were vital.
“Continuation of placebo
controlled follow-up after EUA will be important and may actually be
critical to ensure that additional safety and effectiveness data are
accrued to support submission of a licensure application as soon as
possible following an EUA. … Once a decision is made to unblind an
ongoing placebo controlled trial, that decision cannot be walked back.
And that controlled follow-up is lost forever,” the FDA said last
October.3
At
its next advisory committee in December 2020, the FDA reiterated the
importance of the placebo group: “Placebo controlled follow-up can be
very important in showing that whatever happened in the vaccine group
also happened in the placebo group. Because that’s our best way of
knowing.”13
What’s the rush?
The
US’s “Operation Warp Speed” delivered on its promise to get a novel
vaccine into arms in record time (box). Millions of doses of vaccines
are being administered daily across the US, making clear that lack of
FDA approval is no barrier to access. So just what benefit is there in
seeking, and granting, a BLA?
The BMJ
asked the manufacturers why they were seeking a BLA. Moderna did not
respond and Janssen only confirmed it intended to apply for a BLA “later
in 2021.” Pfizer likewise did not answer but instead quoted an FDA
webpage on medical devices, which stated: “Sponsors of EUA products are
encouraged to follow up the EUA with a pre-market submission so that it
can remain on the market once the EUA is no longer in effect.”16
But EUAs have no built-in expiry date—in fact, 14 EUAs for Zika
diagnostic tests remain active despite the public health emergency
expiring in 2017.17
Cody Meissner told The BMJ
he saw some distinct advantages of a BLA over EUA. An approved vaccine,
for one, would provide “an element of assurance,” increasing public
trust in the vaccines, particularly for those currently sitting on the
fence. It would also pave the way for claims of vaccine injury to be
routed through a more established compensation programme, and for adding
the vaccine to government funded schemes to reach children in financial
need.18
Finally, it may affect the potential for vaccine mandates: “It is
unlikely these vaccines will be mandated while an EUA is in place.
Remember that currently these vaccines are still considered
experimental.”
While still under EUA, an increasing
number of educational and other institutions have already mandated
vaccines, but debates over the legality of these actions has hinged on
the distinction between authorisation and approval.19
But
approving a vaccine in order to legally support mandates or convince
people of its safety arguably puts the cart before the horse. Meissner
responded that a BLA would not be issued until the FDA is convinced of
the short and long term safety of these vaccines.
WaPo | President
Biden said that the federal government was considering making vaccines
mandatory for its workforce — what would be a significant escalation in
push to expand vaccine coverage as the coronavirus surge from the Delta variant sends shock waves through the country.
“That’s
under consideration right now,” he said in response to a reporter’s
question at an appearance Tuesday. “If you’re not vaccinated, you’re not
nearly as smart as I thought you were.”
The
news comes as the exponential growth of cases in many areas around the
country concerns public health officials and other authorities.
Vaccination rates have been waning for weeks, despite slightly less than half of the country being fully vaccinated
— well under the targets public health officials say is necessary to
control outbreaks of more virulent strains of the virus like the Delta
variant.
And
the public and political appetite for restrictions and closures, always
fraught, appears to be waning even further, more than 16 months into
the pandemic.
The
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, which addresses workplace
complaints about discrimination over race, religion, sex and other
characteristics, issued guidance in May that said that employers could mandate vaccines
for workers to work onsite, as long as they do it in ways that don’t
run afoul of civil rights and disability statutes. And the Justice
Department followed with a similar memo on Monday that said that federal law does not prohibit public and private employers from requiring the vaccine, even if it has only been approved for emergency use, by the Food and Drug Administration.
Recent court rulings, in cases filed by groups opposed to mandates, have upheld these requirements too.
But many companies so far have avoided vaccine mandates, opting instead for guidance urging or recommending the vaccine.
The
tide may be turning, as the spike in cases from the Delta variant
begins to threaten hopes for a return to anything resembling a
pre-pandemic normal.
wikipedia |Original antigenic sin, also known as antigenic imprinting or the Hoskins effect,[1] refers to the propensity of the body's immune system to preferentially utilize immunological memory based on a previous infection when a second slightly different version of that foreign pathogen (e.g. a virus or bacterium) is encountered. This leaves the immune system "trapped" by the first response it has made to each antigen,
and unable to mount potentially more effective responses during
subsequent infections. Antibodies or T-cells induced during infections
with the first variant of the pathogen are subject to a form of original
antigenic sin, termed repertoire freeze.
This phenomenon was first described in 1960 by Thomas Francis Jr. in the article "On the Doctrine of Original Antigenic Sin".[4][5] It is named by analogy to the theological concept of original sin. According to Thomas Francis, who originally described the idea,[4] and cited by Richard Krause:[5]
"The antibody of childhood is largely a response to
dominant antigen of the virus causing the first type A influenza
infection of the lifetime. [...] The imprint established by the original
virus infection governs the antibody response thereafter. This we have
called the Doctrine of the Original Antigenic Sin."
During a primary infection, long-lived memory B cells
are generated, which remain in the body, and provide protection from
subsequent infections. These memory B cells respond to specific epitopes on the surface of viral proteins in order to produce antigen-specific antibodies,
and are able to respond to infection much faster than B cells are able
to respond to novel antigens. This effect shortens the amount of time
required to clear subsequent infections.
Between primary and secondary infections, or following vaccination, a virus may undergo antigenic drift,
in which the viral surface proteins (the epitopes) are altered through
natural mutation, allowing the virus to escape the immune system. When
this happens, the altered virus preferentially reactivates previously
activated high-affinity memory B cells and spurs antibody production.
However, the antibodies produced by these B cells generally
ineffectively bind to the altered epitopes. In addition, these antibodies inhibit the activation of higher-affinity naive B cells that would
be able to make more effective antibodies to the second virus. This
leads to a less effective immune response and recurrent infections may
take longer to clear.[6]
Original antigenic sin is of particular importance in the application of vaccines.[7] In dengue fever,
the effect of original antigenic sin has important implications for
vaccine development. Once a response against a dengue virus serotype has
been established, it is unlikely that vaccination against a second will
be effective, implying that balanced responses against all four virus
serotypes have to be established with the first vaccine dose.[8]
The specificity and the quality of the immune response against
novel strains of influenza is often diminished in individuals who are
repeatedly immunized (by vaccination or recurrent infections).[9]
However, the impact of antigenic sin on protection has not been well
established, and appears to differ with each infectious agent vaccine,
geographic location, and age.[6] Researchers found reduced antibody responses to the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenzavaccine in individuals who had been vaccinated against the seasonal A/Brisbane/59/2007 (H1N1) within the previous three months.[7]
spectatorworld | A more concerning tactic has been the application of negative
pressure to achieve social conformity. The vaccine-resistant have been
called ‘Covidiots’, ‘granny killers’ and, lately, ‘refuseniks’. Tony
Blair said recently that it was ‘time to distinguish’ between the
vaccinated and the unvaccinated: substitute race or another protected
characteristic and this is an ugly look. The Israeli newspaper Haaretz
described ultra-Orthodox Jews who do not follow the state’s vaccination
rules as ‘COVID insurgents’ and ‘terrorists’ in starkly obvious
bio-political language.
The implications are obvious: the vaccinated are clean and safe; the
unvaccinated are unclean, unsafe, worthy of ridicule and exclusion. The
writer Nick Cohen predicts a period of ‘class and racial strife’ and
observes ‘it is only a matter of time before we turn on the
unvaccinated’. Such a narrative of dehumanization is a serious threat to
weigh against encouraging vaccines and adherence to lockdowns.
‘Behavioral psychologists focus on what you can get people to do, on
short-term issues of behavior, not long-term issues of trust,’ says Dr
Jackie Cassell. In the haste to bring a speedy resolution to a pandemic,
to fast forward to a happy ending, what might happen to long-term
confidence in public health messaging, including future vaccination
programs? Emergency recourse to oversimplified pressure might not be the
best solution for the unsure, who may be more likely to benefit from an
in-depth conversation with a healthcare provider than from a cash
prize.
Fear has created a morality play where heavy-handed get-the-shot
tactics are privileged over the development of long-term trust. While
the current pandemic may necessitate a quick-fix approach, the long-term
objectives of improving vaccine confidence and overall trust in medical
science must not be lost. More threatening still, dehumanizing tactics
to deter anti-vax sentiment will divide us.
Some will rush, arms outstretched and sleeves rolled up, toward
syringes and sweets. Some will hang back, deterred by an eerily hard
sell. In the desperate desire to end the Horrible Story of the COVID-19
Pandemic, are we rushing toward a conclusion without being certain of
our priorities?
reuters | Police in Paris
clashed with protesters railing against President Emmanuel Macron's
plan to require a COVID-19 vaccine certificate or negative PCR test to
gain entry to bars, restaurants and cinemas from next month.
Macron
this week announced sweeping measures to fight a rapid surge in new
coronavirus infections, including the mandatory vaccination of health
workers and new health pass rules for the wider public.
In doing so, he
went further than most other European nations have done as the highly
contagious Delta variant fans a new wave of cases, and other governments
are watching carefully to see how the French public responds. (Graphic
on global cases)
The
police fired tear gas on several occasions as pockets of protesters
overturned garbage cans and set a mechanical digger alight. Some
protesters away from the skirmishes wore badges saying "No to the health
pass".
Some
critics of Macron's plan - which will require shopping malls, cafes,
bars and restaurants to check the health passes of all patrons from
August - accuse the president of trampling on freedoms and
discriminating against those who do not want the COVID shot.
"It's totally arbitrary and wholly undemocratic," said one protester who identified himself as Jean-Louis.
Macron
says the vaccine is the best way to put France back on the path to
normalcy and that he is encouraging as many people as possible to get
inoculated.
There were protests in other cities including Nantes, Marseille and Montpellier.
The
show of discontent took place on Bastille Day, the anniversary of the
1789 storming of a medieval fortress in Paris which marked the turning
point in the French Revolution.
Among
other proposals in the government's draft bill is the mandatory
isolation for 10 days of anyone who tests positive, with police making
random checks, French media reported. The prime minister's office did
not respond when asked to confirm the detail.
WaPo | At stake in this latest contest is whether hospitals, law enforcement agencies and otherscan require employees to take a vaccine that was made available in an expedited process permitted during a public health emergency — and, likewise, whether schools
may require the shots for students, faculty and staff members in the
same way many require familiar vaccines for measles and chickenpox.
There is little case law on the matter, with only one vaccine, for
anthrax exposure, previously cleared in a similarway.
Employers are expected to cite the expansive evidence
supporting the safety and efficacy of the coronavirus vaccines, as well
as the extraordinary health risks created by the current emergency,
said Kerry A. Scanlon, a former Department of Justice official who
oversees labor and employment litigation at Chicago-based law firm
McDermott Will & Emery.
Scanlon
believes employers are in a strong position to defend compulsory
vaccination, but he said many might shy away from it simply to avoid
costly litigation.
ICAN
is already claiming victory, thanks to the work of a legal team led by
Siri & Glimstad’s managing partner, Aaron Siri. “Employers and
schools that previously required the covid-19 vaccine have dropped those
requirements,” the group declares in its ad on the Children’s Health
Defense blog.“This includes an employer that did so on the heels of ICAN’s legal team challenging its mandate in court.”
Neither
Siri nor his co-counsel in the North Carolina case, Elizabeth A. Brehm,
responded to emailed questions. Bigtree did not respond to telephone
messages. Kennedy said his organization is “working with firms all over
the country” to challenge vaccine mandates and estimated that he
receives “many hundreds” of inquiries each week about potential
litigation.
In
legal filings and letters to employers and universities, attorneys from
Siri & Glimstad focus on the expedited process known as an
emergency use authorization used to clear the shots during a public
health emergency. Mandatinga vaccine cleared that way, they
argue in a complaint filed against the Durham County Sheriff’s
Department, is “illegal and unenforceable.”
Their arguments go further. Pointing to the principle of informed consent, a tenet of medical ethics addressing human experimentation enshrined in the Nuremberg Code after World War II,their
letter to the president of Rutgers University contends a mandate under
these circumstances violates not just federal law, but also
“international laws, civil and individual rights, and public policy.”
Failure to rescind a requirement in Rock County, Wis., the firm informed
officials there, “will result in legal action being filed against you.”
“Govern yourself accordingly,” the Feb. 2 letter advised.
thehill | In the current phase of this ever-changing pandemic, we are
witnessing the emergence of two Americas. One where fully-vaccinated
Americans often remain highly reluctant to remove masks with examples of
“mask shaming.”
At the opposite pole, another country where large unmasked crowds
gather in public, such as at sports events, unclear of who has or has
not been vaccinated. What links both of these Americas? Neither one is
following the CDC’s updated COVID-19 recommendations.
Recommendations
are often complex and confusing. Trust in science and the CDC, damaged
by politicization, has deteriorated. As an example of how acute these
challenges are — four out of every 10 health care workers remain
unvaccinated. Recommendations alone are not enough. New requirements for
vaccinations and reporting are required to move the country forward
that will “open” the country back up in ways that are practical and safe
at the same time.
The country needs to implement vaccine
requirements, especially in high-priority settings including hospitals,
nursing homes and schools. Without vaccine requirements the country will
face significant difficulties and delays in safely opening back up. In
turn, public health will be compromised, and the economy will face
avoidable burdens. These types of vaccination requirements aren’t new
and are done routinely in hospitals and schools. There are several
reasons why these measures are needed.
First and most important is the direct health consequences of
unvaccinated individuals in critical settings. The lack of a vaccine
requirement in health care settings has resulted in superspreader events
and preventable deaths posing a health risk to patients. It is
reasonable for many patients to assume that health care workers are all
immunized. Additional critical settings where requirements should be
considered are institutions of education or childcare, transportation,
law enforcement and hospitality industries -all places where close
contact indoors can pose risks, particularly to infants and children for
whom there is currently no available Covid-19 vaccine. While some
universities are moving ahead with mandates, a disturbing trend
has erupted: Public colleges in red states are less likely to have a
vaccine requirement compared to private universities in blue states. Law
enforcement, including police officers were some of the earliest
eligible essential works for vaccines, but in same large urban areas
such as Columbus, Ohio only 28 percent of the employed police officer have received a vaccine to date.
Vaccination
requirements will need to be augmented through mechanisms to
demonstrate proof of vaccination and reporting requirements. Without
this type of transparency, rebuilding the social trust needed to return
to normalcy will continue to lag. We are in a transitional period where
the number of immunized Americans is increasing but we are not yet at a
level where mitigation measures can easily be lifted, if at all. Federal
officials should work with state and local authorities to consider how
best to establish fair and accurate reporting mechanisms — without
overburdening already stressed businesses — to reflect actual levels of
immunization. Employers, especially large ones, are already embracing
vaccine requirements partly because they know that customers might
choose to seek services elsewhere, which could have significant
financial impact.
WaPo | Police officers were among the first front-line workers to gain priority access to coronavirus vaccines.
But their vaccination rates are lower than or about the same as those
of the general public, according to data made available by some of the
nation’s largest law enforcement agencies.
The reluctance of police to get the shotsthreatens
not just their own health, but also the safety of people they’re
responsible for guarding, monitoring and patrolling, experts say.
At the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department, just 39 percent of employees havegotten
at least one dose, officials said, compared to more than 50 percent of
eligible adults nationwide. In Atlanta, 36 percent of sworn officers
have been vaccinated. And a mere 28 percent of those employed by the
Columbus Division of Police — Ohio’s largest police department — report
having received a shot.
“I think it’s unacceptable,” Joe Lombardo, the head of Las Vegas police and sheriff of Clark County, said of themeager demand for the shots within his force.
The numbers paint a troubling picture of policing and public health. Because officershave high rates of diabetes, heart disease and other conditions, their hesitancyputs them at greater risk of serious illness from the coronavirus
while also undermining force readiness, experts said. Police officers
were more likely to die of covid-19 last year than of all other causes
combined, according to data compiled by the National Law Enforcement
Officers Memorial Fund.
Police
hesitancy also means officers may be vectors of spread to vulnerable
people with whom they interact during traffic stops, calls for service
and other high-contact encounters. That could thwart efforts to restore
community trust in a moment of heightened scrutiny after last month’s conviction of ex-officer Derek Chauvin in the killing of George Floyd.
“Police
touch people,” said Sharona Hoffman, a professor of law and bioethics
at Case Western Reserve University. “Imagine having a child in the car
who’s not vaccinated. People would want to know if a police officer
coming to their window is protected.”
Police ambivalence about immunization finds a parallel among other front-line workers. Just 52 percent of health-care workers surveyed by The Washington Post and the Kaiser Family Foundation between Feb. 11 and March 7 said they had received at least one dose.
One solution is for departments to make vaccination compulsory, according to experts in bioethics and public health, just as somehealth-care settings and institutions of higher education have begun doing.
fox26houston | Fuentes says a supervisor encouraged her to file for a religious exemption.
"And
I said, 'Well, I don't have a religious exemption. I'm not doing this
for religious reasons,' and she said, 'I know, but we'll help you fill
it out, and at least this will save your job,'" Fuentes claims. "So,
because I don't have a religious reason and it's a personal reason, my
beliefs and my feelings aren't as worthy as someone who has a religious
reason?"
Fuentes says when she did not agree to stay quiet about
the reason for her departure, she was not allowed to complete her final
two weeks and escorted out of the hospital.
In response, Houston
Methodist stated they do not advise those who decline the vaccine for
personal reasons to file for a religious exemption. Adding:
"We
have a process in place for the employees who want to request a
religious/medical exemption--- like we have had for the flu shot for
more than a decade. Not all exemptions are granted."
In the
meantime, Fuentes says she was prepared to wear masks at work and show
lab results of COVID-19 antibodies since she'd recovered from the
disease.
She adds, she regularly worked in a surgical unit, but volunteered to work in the COVID-19 unit.
"I
want to be known that I was a safe nurse when I worked at the height of
the pandemic and volunteered to work and did work in the COVID unit.
So, I was a safe nurse then, not vaccinated, and I was able to turn back
around and work in my unit without being tested and without being
vaccinated," Fuentes said.
Houston Methodist adds:
"Our
employees have the choice to stay or leave—we are not forcing anyone to
get a vaccine. But over everything, we must put patients first. It is
our obligation as health care workers to do no harm to our patients, who
are among the most vulnerable in our community."
Generally,
employers are able to require employees to get vaccinated. Clayton
Craighead, an employment attorney in Houston, says there are the two
exemption that both deal with accomodations.
"One of them is an
accomodation under the American with Disabilities Act and the second
exception is an accomodation on a religious basis. In order to establish
an entitlement under the ADA, the employee would have to provide some
sort of documentation from a doctor explaining why he or she, could not
or should not receive the vaccination due to some medical condition or
disability," Craighead explained.
NYTimes | Millions Are Skipping Their Second Doses of Covid Vaccines
Nearly
8 percent of those who got initial Pfizer or Moderna shots missed their
second doses. State officials want to prevent the numbers from rising.
More than five million people, or nearly 8
percent of those who got a first shot of the Pfizer or Moderna
vaccines, have missed their second doses, according to the most recent
data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. That is more
than double the rate among people who got inoculated in the first several weeks of the nationwide vaccine campaign.
Even
as the country wrestles with the problem of millions of people who are
wary about getting vaccinated at all, local health authorities are
confronting an emerging challenge of ensuring that those who do get
inoculated are doing so fully.
The
reasons vary for why people are missing their second shots. In
interviews, some said they feared the side effects, which can include
flulike symptoms. Others said they felt that they were sufficiently
protected with a single shot.
The stakes are high because there is only
one vaccine authorized in the United States that is given as a single
shot. The use of that vaccine, made by Johnson & Johnson, was paused
this month after it was linked to a very rare but serious side effect
involving blood clotting. Federal health officials on Friday recommended restarting use of the vaccine, but the combination of the safety scare and ongoing production problems is likely to make that vaccine a viable option for fewer people.
The
C.D.C.’s count of missed second doses is through April 9. It covers
only people who got a first Moderna dose by March 7 or a first Pfizer
dose by March 14.
RT | A hospital system in Houston, Texas has required all staff to be
vaccinated against the coronavirus by summertime, prompting protests
from employees, who’ve launched a petition against the mandate as the
deadline draws near.
The Houston Methodist
hospital system said its employees must take the shot by June 7, making
it the first healthcare provider to issue a mandate, stiffening its
rules after previously offering $500 to any worker who received the
inoculation voluntarily. Those who decline may be fired.
“Mandating
the vaccine was not a decision we made lightly, but science has proven
that the Covid-19 vaccines are very safe and very effective,” said Houston Methodist CEO Marc Boom in a message to staff reported by CBS News on Friday.
By
choosing to be vaccinated, you are leaders – showing our colleagues in
health care what must be done to protect our patients, ourselves, our
families and our communities.
Consisting
of a medical center and six community hospitals, Houston Methodist may
soon be joined by other Texas healthcare facilities, with Boom noting
that the Memorial Hermann hospital and Baylor College of Medicine have
concrete plans to follow suit, and that “countless” others around the US are now considering the move.
A
majority of workers at Houston Methodist have already been vaccinated,
or around 89% as of Friday. Of the hospital network’s 1,200 managers,
who were given an earlier deadline of April 15, two decided to leave
their positions – later criticized by Boom for “putting themselves before the safety of our patients.”
The rule-change has prompted some pushback, however, with Houston Methodist nurse Jennifer Bridges launching an online petition against it last week, garnering more than 3,100 signatures by Friday evening.
“If
you want the vaccine that is great but it should be your choice. It
should not be forced into your body if you are not comfortable with it!” the petition says.
Many
employees are scared that they will lose their job or be forced to
inject the vaccine into their body against their will to keep their jobs
and feed their family. We just want the power to choose for
ourselves...
Bridges later told
the Houston Chronicle that she would only take the immunization once it
received full FDA approval, potentially a years-long process.
thehill |Morgan Freeman says if you trust him, you'll take his advice and get vaccinated against COVID-19.
"I'm
not a doctor, but I trust science. And I’m told that, for some reason,
people trust me," the "Vanquish" star says in a public service
announcement released Monday by the arts advocacy group The Creative
Coalition.
Freeman, 83, has played God in multiple films and is a popular choice for narrating documentaries and science specials.
“So here I am to say I trust science and I got the vaccine," he tells viewers in the PSA.
"If you trust me, you’ll get the vaccine," Freeman adds.
Morgan, I don't trust you as far as I could spit on you. First, there's your recent Russiagate foolishness and phukkery:
And then, there's that deeply disturbing personal failing from several years ago when your nasty old ass was simultaneously on those blue pills and your own step grand daughter!!! Now, low-information, short-memory, IQ-75 may have forgotten what you were up to, but these liminal views of consensus reality CANNOT UNSEE what they have seen:
Why We Started to Fear Extinction
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4/3
43
When 1 = A and 26 = Z
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What day?
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He ...