wikipedia | The use of reliquaries became an important part of Christian practices from at least the 4th century, initially in the Eastern church,
which adopted the practice of moving and dividing the bodies of saints
much earlier than the West, probably in part because the new capital of Constantinople, unlike Rome, lacked buried saints. Relics are venerated in the Oriental Orthodox, Eastern Orthodox, Roman Catholic and some Anglican Churches. Reliquaries provide a means of protecting and displaying relics, which many believe are endowed by God with the grace of miraculous powers. They range in size from simple pendants or rings to coffin-like containers, to very elaborate ossuaries. Many were designed with portability in mind, often being exhibited in public or carried in procession on the saint's feast day or on other holy days. Pilgrimages often centered around the veneration
of relics. The faithful often venerate relics by bowing before the
reliquary or kissing it. Those churches which observe the veneration of
relics make a clear distinction between the honor given to the saints
and the worship that is due to God alone (see Second Council of Nicea). The feretrum was a medieval form of reliquary or shrine containing the sacred effigies
and relics of a saint. In the late Middle Ages the craze for relics,
many now fraudulent, became extreme, and was criticized by many
otherwise conventional churchmen.
16th-century reformers such as Martin Luther
opposed the use of relics since many had no proof of historic
authenticity, and they objected to the cult of saints. Many reliquaries,
particularly in northern Europe, were destroyed by Calvinists or Calvinist sympathizers during the Reformation,
being melted down or pulled apart to recover precious metals and gems.
Nonetheless, the use and manufacture of reliquaries continues to this
day, especially in Roman Catholic and Orthodox Christian
countries. Post-Reformation reliquaries have tended to take the form of
glass-sided caskets to display relics such as the bodies of saints.
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