Tuesday, January 15, 2013

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Excerpted from "The World Until Yesterday"
salon | Virtually all religions hold some supernatural beliefs specific to that religion. That is, a religion’s adherents firmly hold beliefs that conflict with and cannot be confirmed by our experience of the natural world, and that appear implausible to people other than the adherents of that particular religion. For example, Hindus believe there is a monkey god who travels thousands of kilometers at a single somersault. Catholics believe a woman who had not yet been fertilized by a man became pregnant and gave birth to a baby boy, whose body eventually after his death was carried up to a place called heaven, often represented as being located in the sky. The Jewish faith believes that a supernatural being gave a chunk of desert in the Middle East to the being’s favorite people, as their home forever.

No other feature of religion creates a bigger divide between religious believers and modern secular people, to whom it staggers the imagination that anyone could entertain such beliefs. No other feature creates a bigger divide between believers in two different religions, each of whom firmly believes its own beliefs but considers it absurd that the other religion’s believers believe those other beliefs. Why, nevertheless, are supernatural beliefs such universal features of religions?

One suggested answer is that supernatural religious beliefs are just ignorant superstitions similar to supernatural non-religious beliefs, illustrating only that the human brain is capable of deceiving itself into believing anything. We can all think of supernatural non-religious beliefs whose implausibility should be obvious. Many Europeans believe that the sight of a black cat heralds misfortune, but black cats are actually rather common. By repeatedly tallying whether or not a one-hour period following or not following your observation of a black cat in an area with high cat density did or did not bring you some specified level of misfortune, and by applying the statistician’s chi-square test, you can quickly convince yourself that the black-cat hypothesis has a probability of less than 1 out of 1,000 of being true. Some groups of New Guinea lowlanders believe that hearing the beautiful whistled song of the little bird known as the Lowland Mouse-Babbler warns us that someone has recently died, but this bird is among the most common species and most frequent singers in New Guinea lowland forests. If the belief about it were true, the local human population would be dead within a few days, yet my New Guinea friends are as convinced of the babbler’s ill omens as Europeans are afraid of black cats.

A more striking non-religious superstition, because people today still invest money in their mistaken belief, is water-witching, also variously known as dowsing, divining, or rhabdomancy. Already established in Europe over 400 years ago and possibly also reported before the time of Christ, this belief maintains that rotation of a forked twig carried by a practitioner called a dowser, walking over terrain whose owner wants to know where to dig a well, indicates the location and sometimes the depth of an invisible underground water supply. Control tests show that dowsers’ success at locating underground water is no better than random, but many land-owners in areas where geologists also have difficulty at predicting the location of underground water nevertheless pay dowsers for their search, then spend even more money to dig a well unlikely to yield water. The psychology behind such beliefs is that we remember the hits and forget the misses, so that whatever superstitious beliefs we hold become confirmed by even the flimsiest of evidence through the remembered hits. Such anecdotal thinking comes naturally; controlled experiments and scientific methods to distinguish between random and non-random phenomena are counterintuitive and unnatural, and thus not found in traditional societies.

Perhaps, then, religious superstitions are just further evidence of human fallibility, like belief in black cats and other non-religious superstitions. But it’s suspicious that costly commitments to belief in implausible-to-others religious superstitions are such a consistent feature of religions. The investments that many religious adherents make to their beliefs are far more burdensome, time-consuming, and heavy in consequences to them than are the actions of black-cat-phobics in occasionally avoiding black cats. This suggests that religious superstitions aren’t just an accidental by-product of human reasoning powers but possess some deeper meaning. What might that be?

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ken said...

"No other feature of religion creates a bigger divide between religious believers and modern secular people, to whom it staggers the imagination that anyone could entertain such beliefs. No other feature creates a bigger divide between believers in two different religions, each of whom firmly believes its own beliefs but considers it absurd that the other religion’s believers believe those other beliefs. Why, nevertheless, are supernatural beliefs such universal features of religions?"


He of course doesn't see the irony of the statement because he is a wonderful secular evolutionist believing life came from nothing, and transformed into what we see today. And because of this he is above bashing another person's beliefs while he legitimizes his own.

Dale Asberry said...

Lol, shout your collective membership credentials from the mountaintop, ken!

CNu said...

Help me out Ken, where is Diamond on record as asserting that "life came from nothing and transformed into what we see today"?

That sounds like a straw man to me...,

Biggg Donnn said...

As BD has previously contended, given N distinct religions, at least N-1 of them have to be flawed. And, absent supporting PRR, most likely all N of them...

Tom said...

Your belief in peer review as a source of certainty is touching. If you knew the process from the inside, or regularly
read the literature in any field, that religion would join the N-1 or whatever.



Not saying it's even worse than the alternatives. It's less worse. But I don't think you have any idea how low the bar is.

CNu said...

Having participated now in two "roman catholic initiation for adults" sessions, I could tell you just about precisely how low the bar is, been noodling away at an original essay, hope to have something published before the weekend is over..., these people are really, really nice, however, they are also really, really, insane....,

ken said...

Maybe it is a straw man argument, help me out then...what would be the atheist evolutionist theories regarding the origins of life and our universe?

CNu said...

I haven't interrogated these personally and they're not relevant to the subject of this thread. What is instead relevant to the article in question is whether you've read the book from which it's excerpted, read any of Diamond's previous books, have some idea of what he's talking about in context, and can engage the topic non-defensively and impersonally because it's not about you, it's about the cultural/ethological function served by irrational and unverifiable belief.

Tom said...

Well ... look forward to reading your impressions.


Don't forget the unspoken motto though:
"Lemme transubstantiate this shit so we can all get outta here."

Tom said...

I mean I'm not defending the organization. What you're saying so far sounds like my own impressions in Sunday school.

CNu said...

Well, here's the thing. Mrs. has been pushing, pushing, pushing for going back to church. Now, Mrs. is strongly inclined to become deeply involved in the school communities we've patronized and little boy is going to attend the parochial high-school associated with this parish, so I thought "let's kill two birds with one stone". Since there was absolutely no way I was going to send him into that context as a lone expeditionary.,

Having been raised in and served in a traditional Lutheran church in every capacity available to a child and a teenager, there's nothing structurally or functionally new here for me. Matter fact, the liturgy in this parish is disappointingly progressive, lacking the sonorous charm of an old latin mass. What is jarringly different, however, is the interpersonal atmospheric baseline of unrequited Christic erotomania.

Poor old sister Mary Margaret (name changed to protect the innocent) conducting the classes is an exemplar of this mindset, as is a twentysomething young art teacher at a different parochial school who is also participating in the catechism classes. To call these two high-strung does them no justice. The other participants seem mostly normal - the Mrs. is overstimulated by the ritual and ritual observances - and I'm playing it strictly low-key as a friendly and very well versed catechumen.

arnach said...

ya gotta do what ya gotta, but...
http://www.alternet.org/belief/does-internet-spell-doom-organized-religion?paging=off

ken said...

No, I have only read the article you linked to and took in his hour and half lecture on the evolution of religion. And my general problem is the root assumption there is no God. That assumption has all sorts conclusions and interpretations dealing anthropology and that every religion has the same motivations. For a more sincere approach to his topic, why could he do the same with what you call his irrational and unverifiable beliefs, i.e the many stories of evolution and how the newly defective but advanced species was able to find opposite sex counter parts available in the animal's lifespan to mate with time after time all the way up the evolutionary chain (hint: immaculate conception has better odds).

Jarrred and I would agree almost all religions are wrong and have motivations based on human agendas or to control the masses. He concludes the nature of this is religion or the needs of the state, but excludes those of his beliefs as an atheist and the stories of explanations put forth. I believe it's one of man's nature seeking power, and would include his group's irrational and unverifiable beliefs in the discussion of man's agendas.

CNu said...

Have you read any of Diamond's previous books?

arnach said...

Also: http://www.npr.org/series/169065270/losing-our-religion

ken said...

No, I haven't, I'm not exactly sure why that matters. People converse and write articles everyday that we respond back to and agree or disagree without having to be told you must go back and review everything the person ever said before you can be eligible to voice an opinion of what was presented. You have asked the question about my knowledge of this man with the implication that you have read much of Diamonds writings and with that you chose this article to post on your blog for others to contemplate and consider. What about this article and Diamond's perspective did you find meaningful?

CNu said...

lol, it matters because you presume to know Diamond's position on the most profound subject with only the most cursory familiarity with his position(s) in general. I find ethological arguments for collective human behavior particularly interesting (killer-ape?) and arguments for irrational behaviors confused with genuine and useful knowledge and method for objective psychological development, exceptionally interesting. much as cargo cultists confused their ignorant and deluded blather around the appearance of material whose manufacture and transport they couldn't comprehend with meaningful behavior directed toward producing more of that material


Interpret my interest as you see fit. It could be that I fancy myself a "scientific" student of human livestock behavioralism, a benevolent intercessor in the business of human livestock behavioralism, or a ruthless sadist interested only in pulling the wings off of helpless insects...,

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What Is France To Do With The Thousands Of Soldiers Expelled From Africa?

SCF  |    Russian President Vladimir Putin was spot-on this week in his observation about why France’s Emmanuel Macron is strutting around ...