TED | 00:11 I want you to, for a moment, think about playing a game of
Monopoly, except in this game, that combination of skill, talent and
luck that help earn you success in games, as in life, has been rendered
irrelevant, because this game's been rigged, and you've got the upper
hand. You've got more money, more opportunities to move around the
board, and more access to resources. And as you think about that
experience, I want you to ask yourself, how might that experience of
being a privileged player in a rigged game change the way that you
think about yourself and regard that other player?
00:53 So we ran a study on the U.C. Berkeley campus to look at exactly
that question. We brought in more than 100 pairs of strangers into the
lab, and with the flip of a coin randomly assigned one of the two to be
a rich player in a rigged game. They got two times as much money. When
they passed Go, they collected twice the salary, and they got to roll
both dice instead of one, so they got to move around the board a lot
more. (Laughter) And over the course of 15 minutes, we watched through
hidden cameras what happened. And what I want to do today, for the
first time, is show you a little bit of what we saw. You're going to
have to pardon the sound quality, in some cases, because again, these
were hidden cameras. So we've provided subtitles. Rich Player: How many
500s did you have? Poor Player: Just one.
01:41 Rich Player: Are you serious. Poor Player: Yeah.
01:42 Rich Player: I have three. (Laughs) I don't know why they gave me so much.
01:46 Paul Piff: Okay, so it was quickly apparent to players that
something was up. One person clearly has a lot more money than the
other person, and yet, as the game unfolded, we saw very notable
differences and dramatic differences begin to emerge between the two
players. The rich player started to move around the board louder,
literally smacking the board with their piece as he went around. We
were more likely to see signs of dominance and nonverbal signs,
displays of power and celebration among the rich players.
02:22 We had a bowl of pretzels positioned off to the side. It's on the
bottom right corner there. That allowed us to watch participants'
consummatory behavior. So we're just tracking how many pretzels
participants eat.
02:34 Rich Player: Are those pretzels a trick?
02:36 Poor Player: I don't know.
02:38 PP: Okay, so no surprises, people are onto us. They wonder what
that bowl of pretzels is doing there in the first place. One even asks,
like you just saw, is that bowl of pretzels there as a trick? And yet,
despite that, the power of the situation seems to inevitably dominate,
and those rich players start to eat more pretzels.
03:02 Rich Player: I love pretzels.
03:05 (Laughter)
03:08 PP: And as the game went on, one of the really interesting and
dramatic patterns that we observed begin to emerge was that the rich
players actually started to become ruder toward the other person, less
and less sensitive to the plight of those poor, poor players, and more
and more demonstrative of their material success, more likely to
showcase how well they're doing. Rich Player: I have money for
everything. Poor Player: How much is that? Rich Player: You owe me 24
dollars. You're going to lose all your money soon. I'll buy it. I have
so much money. I have so much money, it takes me forever. Rich Player
2: I'm going to buy out this whole board. Rich Player 3: You're going
to run out of money soon. I'm pretty much untouchable at this point.
03:57 PP: Okay, and here's what I think was really, really interesting,
is that at the end of the 15 minutes, we asked the players to talk
about their experience during the game. And when the rich players
talked about why they had inevitably won in this rigged game of
Monopoly -- (Laughter) — they talked about what they'd done to buy
those different properties and earn their success in the game, and they
became far less attuned to all those different features of the
situation, including that flip of a coin that had randomly gotten them
into that privileged position in the first place. And that's a really,
really incredible insight into how the mind makes sense of advantage.
04:50 Now this game of Monopoly can be used as a metaphor for
understanding society and its hierarchical structure, wherein some
people have a lot of wealth and a lot of status, and a lot of people
don't. They have a lot less wealth and a lot less status and a lot less
access to valued resources. And what my colleagues and I for the last
seven years have been doing is studying the effects of these kinds of
hierarchies. What we've been finding across dozens of studies and
thousands of participants across this country is that as a person's
levels of wealth increase, their feelings of compassion and empathy go
down, and their feelings of entitlement, of deservingness, and their
ideology of self-interest increases. In surveys, we found that it's
actually wealthier individuals who are more likely to moralize greed
being good, and that the pursuit of self-interest is favorable and
moral. Now what I want to do today is talk about some of the
implications of this ideology self-interest, talk about why we should
care about those implications, and end with what might be done.